Neonatal orchitis mimicking cystic dysplasia of the testis

Neonatal orchitis is an extremely rare disease, usually related to a congenital genitourinary anomaly. We present a 36 weeks' gestation infant who presented at 3 days old with a firm and enlarged right testicle. Testicular US revealed a heterogeneous right testicle with numerous cystic spaces as well as decreased testicular blood flow. The clinical concerns included testicular tumor and cystic dysplasia of the testis because of concurrent renal dysplasia. The scrotal/testicular area was without tenderness or overlying erythema. Radical inguinal orchiectomy revealed diffuse gram-negative orchitis.This case represents an atypical presentation of orchitis. This entity should be added to the differential diagnoses of testicular mass in the neonate even in the absence of physical findings suggestive of infection.