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Hepatitis E virus: an emerging zoonotic agent.

A Caprioli1, F Ostanello, F Martelli

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute hepatitis and is a global health issue. Swine HEV can transmit to humans, making it an emerging zoonotic disease, particularly relevant for those in close contact with swine.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis E is an infectious disease resembling acute hepatitis, caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV).
  • It's a significant public health concern in developing nations, primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, but also seen in industrialized countries.
  • Swine HEV, identified in 1997, is widespread and shows high genetic similarity to human strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on HEV virology and epidemiology.
  • To highlight HEV as a potential zoonotic agent.
  • To encourage further research in veterinary medicine regarding HEV.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing virological and epidemiological data on HEV.
  • Analysis of nucleotide homology between human and swine HEV strains.
  • Examination of experimental cross-species transmission studies.

Main Results:

  • Swine HEV strains demonstrate high nucleotide homology with human strains.
  • Experimental studies confirm cross-species transmission between swine and humans.
  • Individuals in contact with swine show a higher risk of HEV infection.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E is an emerging zoonosis, with swine as a significant reservoir.
  • Consumption of undercooked meat from infected animals is a potential transmission route.
  • HEV warrants increased attention in veterinary medicine due to its zoonotic potential.