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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
Gestalt Principles of Perception01:21

Gestalt Principles of Perception

Gestalt principles provide a framework for understanding how humans perceive objects as unified wholes within their context. These principles are essential in explaining the cognitive processes that make sense of complex visual stimuli by organizing them into coherent groups. One fundamental principle is proximity, which posits that objects located close to each other are perceived as a collective group. For instance, when dots are positioned near one another, the visual system interprets them...
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism
10:11

Portable Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL): Investigating Language Comprehension in Typically Developing Toddlers and Young Children with Autism

Published on: December 14, 2012

Invariance detection within an interactive system: a perceptual gateway to language development.

Lakshmi J Gogate1, George Hollich

  • 1Department of Psychology, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA. lgogate@fgcu.edu

Psychological Review
|May 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Infants learn spoken language by detecting stable patterns, a process called invariance detection. This perceptual skill forms the foundation for complex communication abilities in early language development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Infants' ability to learn spoken language is a complex process.
  • Existing theories do not fully explain how infants acquire language.
  • General perceptual mechanisms may play a crucial role in early language acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose invariance detection as a key mechanism for infants' language learning.
  • To synthesize research on regularity detection across various language domains.
  • To present a framework for how invariance detection facilitates communication.

Main Methods:

  • Literature synthesis across speech perception, word segmentation, word-referent mapping, and grammar learning.
  • Theoretical framework development.
  • Case study using word mapping to illustrate the hypothesis.

Main Results:

  • Invariance detection is hypothesized to be fundamental to tuning into spoken language.
  • This perceptual process underpins multiple aspects of language development.
  • Word mapping is presented as an epigenetically grounded example.

Conclusions:

  • Invariance detection serves as a perceptual gateway for sophisticated communication.
  • This framework links general perceptual processes with early language development.
  • The proposed account offers an alternative to existing theories.