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Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
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Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
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The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...

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Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy for Mouse Models of Pleural Dissemination
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Phototherapy and photochemotherapy.

Eleni Iordanou1, Mark Berneburg

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG
|May 5, 2010
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Phototherapy, using ultraviolet radiation, is an increasingly effective treatment for skin diseases. Advances in photobiology enhance understanding, allowing for optimized therapeutic choices and regimens for better patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology
  • Medical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Phototherapy, utilizing ultraviolet radiation, is a cornerstone of dermatological treatment.
  • Historically empirical, phototherapy's mechanisms are now better understood through photobiology.
  • The range of skin conditions responsive to phototherapy continues to expand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current indications for phototherapy in clinical dermatology.
  • To provide guidance on the safe and effective application of phototherapy.
  • To offer practical support for daily phototherapeutic practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current phototherapeutic modalities.
  • Analysis of underlying photobiological mechanisms.
  • Discussion of clinical application and treatment regimens.

Main Results:

  • Growing number of skin diseases benefit from phototherapy.
  • Improved understanding of photobiology informs treatment selection.
  • Evidence-based guidelines for safe and effective phototherapy are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Phototherapy is a vital and expanding therapeutic option in dermatology.
  • Understanding photobiological mechanisms is crucial for optimizing phototherapy.
  • This article serves as a practical guide for clinicians using phototherapy.