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Patient-, provider-, and clinic-level predictors of unrecognized elevated blood pressure in children
Tammy M Brady1, Barry S Solomon, Alicia M Neu
1MHS, Johns Hopkins University, David M. Rubenstein Child Health Building, 200 North Wolfe St, Room 3057, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. tbrady8@jhmi.edu
Insights
Most childhood elevated blood pressure (BP) cases go unrecognized. Factors like normal BP readings and provider experience influence recognition, highlighting a need for improved screening in pediatric care.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric primary care
- Cardiovascular health in children
- Hypertension screening
Background:
- Elevated blood pressure (BP) in children is a growing concern.
- Early detection and management are crucial for preventing long-term cardiovascular disease.
- Underrecognition of elevated BP in pediatric settings poses a significant public health challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify patient, provider, and clinic factors predicting unrecognized elevated BP in children.
- To test the hypothesis that healthy weight, lower BP readings, and less experienced providers are associated with decreased recognition.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study of pediatric primary care visits (2006).
- Included children aged 3-20 years with elevated BP (≥90th percentile or ≥120/80 mmHg).
- Multivariate logistic regression analyzed predictors of underrecognition, defined by lack of documented follow-up actions.
Main Results:
- Elevated BP occurred in 39% of visits; 87% were unrecognized.
- Underrecognition predictors: BP <120/80 mmHg, decreasing BMI z-score, male gender, older age, no family history of CVD, negative medical history.
- Seeing a nurse practitioner or less experienced provider also predicted underrecognition.
Conclusions:
- The majority of elevated BP in children is missed by providers.
- Absence of obviously high BP, obesity, and lack of family history were key factors in poor recognition.
- Improved screening protocols are needed to address underrecognition of pediatric hypertension.
Objective:
The goal was to determine patient-, provider-, and clinic-level predictors of unrecognized elevated blood pressure (BP) in children. We hypothesized that being of healthy weight, having a BP of <120/80 mmHg, and being seen by a less experienced provider would result in decreased recognition.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study of clinic visits for children 3 to 20 years of age at an urban, pediatric primary care practice between January 1, 2006, and June 30, 2006, was performed. Children with elevated systolic or diastolic BP (> or = 90th percentile or > or = 120/80 mmHg) were included. Recognition was defined as having any of the following documented: repeat BP measurement, elevated-BP/hypertension diagnosis, plan to recheck BP, or initiation of hypertension evaluation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify characteristics associated with underrecognition.
Results:
Elevated BP occurred in 779 (39%) of 2000 visits. Of 726 cases included in the analysis, 87% were not recognized by providers. Patient-level predictors of underrecognition included systolic BP of <120 mmHg (odds ratio: 7.7 [95% confidence interval: 3.2-18.6]), diastolic BP of <80 mmHg (odds ratio: 2.4 [95% confidence interval: 1.1-5.0]), decreasing BMI z score, male gender, older age, lack of family history of cardiovascular disease, and negative medical history findings. Being seen by a nurse practitioner and being seen by a less-experienced provider also were significant predictors.
Conclusions:
Most BP elevations were not recognized by providers. Poor recognition was most influenced by the absence of obviously elevated BP, obesity, and family history of cardiovascular disease.
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