Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

13.4K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
13.4K
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

2.9K
Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
2.9K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.9K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
5.9K
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

7.6K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
7.6K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

2.8K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
2.8K
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

122
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
122

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical and molecular landscape of surgically resected early onset pancreatic cancer.

The British journal of surgery·2026
Same author

Clonal evolutionary analysis reveals patterns of malignant transformation of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the pancreas.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Divergent trajectories to structural diversity impact patient survival in high grade serous ovarian cancer.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Sequential ATR and PARP inhibition overcomes acquired DNA damaging agent resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

British journal of cancer·2025
Same author

Improving outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Nature reviews. Clinical oncology·2025
Same author

nSMase2-mediated exosome secretion shapes the tumor microenvironment to immunologically support pancreatic cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

10.4K

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha regulates beta cell function in mouse and human islets.

Kim Cheng1, Kenneth Ho, Rebecca Stokes

  • 1Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research (GIMR), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|May 5, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is crucial for normal beta cell function. Enhancing HIF-1alpha levels improves insulin secretion and glucose tolerance, suggesting its therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes.

More Related Videos

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres
09:31

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

5.9K
High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
12:32

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

Published on: January 23, 2018

10.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

10.4K
Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres
09:31

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

5.9K
High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
12:32

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

Published on: January 23, 2018

10.8K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) regulates cellular stress responses.
  • While typically regulated, HIF-1alpha may be active under normoxic conditions.
  • Dysregulation of HIF-1alpha may contribute to type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of HIF-1alpha in beta cell function and reserve.
  • To determine if HIF-1alpha dysregulation contributes to T2D.
  • To explore HIF-1alpha as a potential therapeutic target for T2D-related beta cell dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed HIF-1alpha protein levels in normoxic mouse and human beta cells and islets.
  • Disrupted beta cell-specific Hif1a in mice (beta-Hif1a-null) to evaluate glucose metabolism.
  • Inhibited HIF-1alpha degradation using iron chelation in mice on a high-fat diet.
  • Examined ARNT and other gene expression in human T2D islets with increased HIF-1alpha.
  • Investigated HIF-1alpha binding to the Arnt promoter in a mouse beta cell line.

Main Results:

  • HIF-1alpha protein is present at low levels in normoxic beta cells.
  • Decreased HIF-1alpha impaired glucose-stimulated ATP generation and beta cell function.
  • Beta-Hif1a-null mice showed glucose intolerance and beta cell dysfunction, exacerbated by a high-fat diet.
  • Iron chelation improved insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in control mice but not beta-Hif1a-null mice.
  • Increased HIF-1alpha enhanced ARNT expression and function in human T2D islets.
  • HIF-1alpha directly regulated the Arnt promoter in a mouse beta cell line.

Conclusions:

  • HIF-1alpha plays a vital role in beta cell reserve and ARNT expression regulation.
  • HIF-1alpha is a promising therapeutic target for addressing beta cell dysfunction in T2D.