Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: P-value Method

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?

Decision Making

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...

Decision Making: Traditional Method

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...

Actor-Observer Effect

Actor-Observer Effect

The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in visual...

Bias

Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparison of fluoride level between mother's milk and infant formula milk - a global systematic review and dental fluorosis risk assessment.

Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment·2025

Same author

Meta-analysis of the adoption of omalizumab in the treatment of pediatric allergic diseases.

Heliyon·2024

Same author

Interactive effects of carbohydrate, lipid, protein composition and carbon/nitrogen ratio on biogas production of different food wastes.

Bioresource technology·2020

Same author

Gambogenic acid suppresses bladder cancer cells growth and metastasis by regulating NF-κB signaling.

Chemical biology & drug design·2020

Same author

Measurement of sustainable higher education development: Evidence from China.

PloS one·2020

Same author

Characteristics of flow regime adjustment enhancing carbon source recovery in activated primary sedimentation tank.

Chemosphere·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

Player-spectator discrepancies on risk preference during decision making.

Xiuyan Guo¹, Nan Zhao, Si Wang

¹School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, People's Republic of China.

The Journal of General Psychology

|May 6, 2010

Summary

Experiencing a task as a player, rather than just choosing options, increases risk-seeking behavior in decision-making. This highlights the impact of active participation on financial risk preferences.

More Related Videos

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

Area of Science:

Decision Science
Behavioral Economics
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Risk preference is influenced by potential gains and losses.
The role an individual adopts (player vs. spectator) can affect risk-taking.
Previous research suggests discrepancies in risk preference may stem from the experiencing phase of a task.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether the experiencing role or the choosing role primarily influences risk preference.
To differentiate the impact of active task engagement versus passive observation on decision-making.
To examine how different roles affect risk-seeking tendencies in a controlled experimental setting.

Main Methods:

Participants engaged in a stylus maze task, alternating between player and spectator roles in pairs.
Following the task experience, participants made choices between two rewarding options.
Choices were analyzed to determine risk preference based on the role adopted during the task experience.

Main Results:

Individuals who experienced the task as players exhibited a greater tendency towards risk-seeking behavior.
The act of performing the task, as opposed to merely observing or choosing, induced this risk-seeking shift.
These findings were consistent for financially motivated groups under similar task conditions.

Conclusions:

The experiencing role, not the choosing role, is the primary driver of differences in risk preference.
Active participation in a task significantly influences subsequent decision-making regarding financial risk.
Understanding the role of experience is crucial for comprehending variations in risk-taking behavior.