Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Electrical Double Layer

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A katE katG double-knockout E. coli strain eliminates the risk of catalase contamination in recombinant proteins.

Applied microbiology and biotechnology·2026

Same author

Forecasting tomato production in major Asian producers: a comparative study of ARIMA, exponential smoothing, score-driven models, and XGBoost.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Transparent multilayer polymer films for hidden marking of reflective containers.

Optics letters·2026

Same author

Climate modeling for South Asia: statistical and deep learning for rainfall and temperature prediction.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Publisher Correction: Analysis of yield stability and genotype-environment interaction for open-pollinated tomato varieties in the Kashmir Himalaya using the AMMI model.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

'Smart' Polymer Sandwiches From Hydrogel Nanocoatings Attached to Stimuli-Responsive Grafted Brush Coatings: Changing the Cell Behavior.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials·2025

Same journal

Cluster assisted soft-landing hub (CLASH): An instrument for surface desorption and deposition using a pulsed cluster ion source.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Influence of pre-ionization parameters on multi-channel discharge characteristics of field-distortion switch gaps.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

A Joule-Thomson low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope with vector magnet and rotatable scanning head.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Fiber-optic triggering of a two-stage high-current linear transformer driver with laser energy below 100 μJ.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Optimization of laboratory-scale x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) apparatus for nuclear fuel research.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Compressed multi-scale entropy and its application in mechanical fault diagnosis.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Published on: August 3, 2018

Characterization of electrowetting processes through force measurements.

Nathan B Crane¹, Pradeep Mishra, Alex A Volinsky

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|May 6, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel electrowetting characterization method measuring actuation forces instead of contact angles. This technique accurately captures transient events and high-speed responses up to 40 Hz.

More Related Videos

Real-Time Force Measurement Between Emulsion Droplets During Enzymatic Breakdown

Real-Time Force Measurement Between Emulsion Droplets During Enzymatic Breakdown

Published on: June 27, 2025

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method

Published on: June 14, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Published on: August 3, 2018

Real-Time Force Measurement Between Emulsion Droplets During Enzymatic Breakdown

Real-Time Force Measurement Between Emulsion Droplets During Enzymatic Breakdown

Published on: June 27, 2025

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method

Published on: June 14, 2019

Area of Science:

Surface science
Microfluidics
Experimental physics

Background:

Traditional electrowetting characterization relies on contact angle measurements.
Contact angle methods can be limited in dynamic response and accuracy for certain applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a new method for characterizing electrowetting by measuring actuation forces.
To enable high-speed and transient electrowetting measurements.

Main Methods:

Measuring lateral and normal forces on a liquid droplet trapped between a nanoindenter tip and a substrate using a nanoindenter transducer.
Applying voltage to substrate electrodes to induce electrowetting actuation forces.
Utilizing analytical formulas derived from the Young-Lippmann equation for force prediction.

Main Results:

Demonstrated good agreement between experimental force measurements and analytical/numerical predictions.
Showed lateral forces are insensitive to alignment errors and analytical models are accurate with close tip-substrate proximity.
Detected transient electrowetting events with minimal impact from fluid dynamics due to droplet immobility.
Observed significant responses at frequencies up to 40 Hz.

Conclusions:

The force-based method provides a robust alternative for electrowetting characterization.
This technique is suitable for high-speed measurements and analyzing system degradation.
The method offers improved accuracy for dynamic electrowetting phenomena.