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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

A scanning tunneling microscope for a dilution refrigerator.

M Marz1, G Goll, H v Löhneysen

  • 1Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. michael.marz@kit.edu

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A new scanning tunneling microscope integrated with a dilution refrigerator enables atomic-resolution imaging and spectroscopy at millikelvin temperatures and high magnetic fields. This setup successfully imaged superconductor flux-line lattices and their electronic properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Low-Temperature Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a powerful surface analysis technique.
  • Operating STM at ultra-low temperatures and high magnetic fields presents significant technical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a home-built scanning tunneling microscope integrated into a dilution refrigerator.
  • To enable STM and spectroscopy measurements at base temperatures of approximately 30 mK and magnetic fields up to 13 T.
  • To investigate the properties of materials under extreme cryogenic and magnetic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a custom-built STM system with a dilution refrigerator cryostat.
  • Performing STM topography imaging on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite and NbSe(2).

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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  • Conducting scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements on superconducting NbSe(2).

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved atomic resolution imaging of graphite and NbSe(2) down to approximately 50 mK.
    • Successfully imaged the flux-line lattice of superconducting NbSe(2) in applied magnetic fields.
    • Observed the expected field dependence of the Abrikosov lattice constant (proportional to 1/√B).
    • STS measurements revealed the superconducting density of states and vortex core Andreev bound states.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed STM system is capable of high-resolution measurements at ultra-low temperatures and high magnetic fields.
    • The system provides a versatile platform for exploring quantum phenomena in superconductors and other materials.
    • The study demonstrates the successful characterization of superconducting properties using STM/STS in extreme conditions.