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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Multiple sclerosis etiology: beyond genes and environment.

Rosella Mechelli1, Viviana Annibali, Giovanni Ristori

  • 1Neurology and Center for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy.

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology
|May 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex CNS disorder involving genetic and environmental factors. This study explores novel areas like RNA splicing, noncoding RNAs, and epigenetics (DNA methylation, histone acetylation) in MS etiology.

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Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: October 13, 2023

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disorder with inflammatory and neurodegenerative aspects.
  • Its exact cause remains unknown, though both genetic and environmental factors are implicated.
  • Known genetic factors include MHC class II genes, while environmental factors include infections, smoking, and diet.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore emerging areas in multiple sclerosis (MS) research.
  • To investigate the roles of alternative mRNA splicing and regulatory noncoding RNAs in MS.
  • To examine epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation and histone acetylation, in the context of MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review and discussion of recent findings in MS.
  • Analysis of transcriptome diversity through alternative splicing and noncoding RNAs.
  • Investigation of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation.

Main Results:

  • Alternative splicing of mRNAs contributes to transcriptome diversity in MS.
  • Regulatory noncoding RNAs play a significant role in MS pathogenesis.
  • Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, are key regulators of gene expression in MS.

Conclusions:

  • Alternative splicing, noncoding RNAs, and epigenetic modifications represent largely unexplored but crucial areas for understanding MS etiology.
  • Further research into these molecular mechanisms may reveal new therapeutic targets for MS.