Amino-nitro-azobenzene dimers as a prototype for a molecular-level machine

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging
08:40

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging

Published on: March 13, 2019

J Henzl1, M Mehlhorn, K Morgenstern

  • 1Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Festkörperphysik, Abteilung Oberflächen, Appelstrasse 2, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. henzl@fkp.uni-hannover.de

Nanotechnology
|May 6, 2010
PubMed

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Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
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Imine formation involves the addition of carbonyl compounds to a primary amine. It begins with the generation of carbinolamine through a series of steps involving an initial nucleophilic attack and then several proton transfer reactions. The second part includes the elimination of water, as a leaving group, to give the imine.
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If the pH is low or the solution is too acidic, the reaction slows down in the...
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Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
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