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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice
08:52

Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice

Published on: August 30, 2017

A distributed cortical representation underlies crossmodal object recognition in rats.

Boyer D Winters1, James M Reid

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. bwinters@uoguelph.ca

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|May 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Rats can recognize objects across senses, linking tactile exploration to visual identification. This crossmodal object recognition relies on coordinated brain regions, the perirhinal cortex (PRh) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC).

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice
08:52

Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice

Published on: August 30, 2017

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats
09:28

A Within-Subject Experimental Design using an Object Location Task in Rats

Published on: May 6, 2021

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Sensory Integration

Background:

  • Mechanisms of multimodal object representation in the brain are not well understood.
  • Crossmodal object recognition (CMOR) and object feature binding are crucial for perception.
  • A novel procedure based on the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) paradigm was developed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spontaneous crossmodal object recognition in rats.
  • To determine the roles of the perirhinal cortex (PRh) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in CMOR.
  • To explore the neural basis of integrating sensory information for object recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a modified spontaneous object recognition (SOR) paradigm for assessing crossmodal object recognition (CMOR) in rats.
  • Administered bilateral lesions to the perirhinal cortex (PRh) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC).
  • Tested rats on visual-only, tactile-only, and crossmodal object recognition tasks.

Main Results:

  • Rats demonstrated spontaneous tactile-to-visual crossmodal object recognition.
  • Bilateral PRh lesions impaired CMOR and visual-only SOR, but not tactile-only SOR.
  • Bilateral PPC lesions impaired CMOR and tactile-only SOR, but not visual-only SOR.
  • Unilateral lesions to PRh and PPC in opposite hemispheres severely impaired CMOR.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous tactile-to-visual crossmodal object recognition requires functional interaction between PRh and PPC.
  • PRh appears to mediate visual information processing, while PPC handles tactile information processing for CMOR.
  • Object features are represented in a distributed manner across the cortex, necessitating interaction between PRh and PPC for unified object representation.
  • The developed paradigm is a valuable tool for studying the neurobiology of crossmodal cognition and object feature binding.