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Biphasic changes in leukocytes induced by strenuous exercise.

J B Hansen1, L Wilsgård, B Osterud

  • 1Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Norway.

European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
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Intense exercise causes a temporary drop in lymphocytes, linked to cortisol levels. White blood cell counts, particularly granulocytes, increase later, independent of cortisol, showing exercise impacts immune cell dynamics.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Immunology
  • Stress Response

Background:

  • Exercise significantly impacts physiological systems, including the immune system.
  • Understanding the dynamics of white blood cells post-exercise is crucial for assessing physical stress.
  • Cortisol is a known stress hormone that can modulate immune function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immediate and delayed effects of different exercise intensities on white blood cell counts.
  • To examine the relationship between plasma cortisol levels and post-exercise immune cell responses.
  • To analyze the changes in lymphocyte and granulocyte populations following strenuous running protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Seven healthy males performed short (1.7 km), middle (4.8 km), and long (10.5 km) runs at maximal speed.

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  • Blood samples were analyzed for white blood cell counts, including lymphocytes and granulocytes.
  • Plasma cortisol concentrations were measured pre- and post-exercise.

    • Main Results:

    • A prompt increase in lymphocytes was followed by a significant decrease (lymphopenia), correlated with plasma cortisol.
    • Polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase concentration increased substantially with exercise duration.
    • Delayed granulocytosis was observed 2-4 hours post-exercise, with counts varying by exercise intensity and not correlating with PMN elastase.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise-induced lymphopenia is associated with elevated cortisol levels.
    • Delayed granulocytosis occurs post-exercise, independent of cortisol fluctuations.
    • Exercise intensity influences the magnitude of immune cell response, highlighting complex physiological adaptations.