Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026

07:37
Resurrection of Dormant Daphnia magna: Protocol and Applications
Published on: January 19, 2018
The Darwins and Wells: from revolution to evolution
1School of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK. n.j.wade@dundee.ac.uk
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
|May 7, 2010
Summary
Charles Darwin
Area of Science:
- Physiology
- History of Science
Background:
- Robert Darwin's medical thesis explored afterimages and visual vertigo.
- Erasmus Darwin elaborated on these concepts in his 1794 publication, Zoonomia.
Discussion:
- William Charles Wells proposed alternative theories on visual vertigo and body rotation.
- Wells's ideas on evolution, akin to natural selection, were presented to the Royal Society in 1813.
Key Insights:
- Erasmus Darwin's interpretation of afterimages differed from Wells's findings.
- Wells's early evolutionary concepts influenced later scientific thought, acknowledged by Charles Darwin.
Outlook:
- The historical interplay between the Darwins and Wells highlights early investigations into perception and evolution.
- Further research into historical scientific theories can illuminate the progression of biological thought.
Related Concept Videos
The Evidence for Evolution
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.The collection of fossils within sedimentary rocks give a record of common ancestry and often depicts the history of evolution.
The Fossil Record
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
What is Evolutionary History?
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.Phylogenetic trees illustrate the evolutionary relationships among these organisms. Scientists infer organisms’ common ancestry by evaluating shared morphological and genetic characteristics. Together, the fossil...
Convergent Evolution
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.The structures that arise from convergent evolution are called analogous structures. They are similar in function even if they are dissimilar in structure. Further, structures can be analogous while also...
Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary psychology explores the origins of human behavior and mental processes by framing them within the context of natural selection, a theory famously propounded by Charles Darwin. This field asserts that many behaviors common across human societies — ranging from instinctive fear reactions to complex social interactions — arose as evolutionary adaptations. These adaptations enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our ancestors, thereby becoming embedded in the human psyche...
Limits to Natural Selection
Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...

