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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
11:19

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

Esophageal achalasia--manometric patterns.

D L Dumitraşcu1, Teodora Surdea-Blaga, Liliana David

  • 1Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. ddumitrascu@umfcluj.ro

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine = Revue Roumaine De Medecine Interne
|May 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Esophageal manometry is key for diagnosing achalasia, a disorder of esophageal motility. This study found that in patients with dysphagia, achalasia often presents with high lower esophageal sphincter pressure and absent esophageal peristalsis.

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Robotic Heller Myotomy for Advancements in Surgical Management of Achalasia
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Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
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Published on: February 16, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Motility Disorders

Background:

  • Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired esophageal peristalsis and abnormal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation.
  • Esophageal manometry is the established diagnostic tool for achalasia, revealing key manometric features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical and manometric characteristics of achalasia in patients presenting with dysphagia.
  • To identify specific manometric patterns associated with achalasia compared to other esophageal motility disorders.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 94 patients with dysphagia underwent esophageal manometry.
  • Manometric findings were analyzed to identify achalasia, other motility disorders, or normal function.
  • Basal LES pressure, LES relaxation, and esophageal peristalsis were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Of 94 patients, 35 showed manometric findings consistent with achalasia.
  • The majority of achalasia patients (80%) exhibited increased basal LES pressure.
  • All achalasia patients demonstrated absent or incomplete LES relaxation, with 94.3% showing aperistalsis in the tubular esophagus.

Conclusions:

  • Esophageal manometry effectively identifies achalasia, characterized by elevated basal LES pressure and impaired relaxation.
  • Treatment primarily impacts basal LES pressure, while other manometric abnormalities may persist.