Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

GP73 inhibition alleviates hepatic fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β/mTOR signaling pathways.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease·2026
Same author

[Construction and application of theoretical system for dynamic evolution of blood stasis syndrome in non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head: from static characteristics to dynamic laws].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same author

[Medium- and long-term clinical efficacy of Jianpi Huogu (Kanggu) Formula in treatment of early-stage femoral head necrosis].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same author

[Analysis of changing patterns of blood stasis degree in non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head based on DSA features].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same author

[Clinical and mechanistic study of Huoxue Tongbi Formula in intervening meridian blockage syndrome of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head by regulating coagulation-bone metabolism network].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026
Same author

[Scientific connotation of Jianpi Huogu Formula in treating steroid-induced ONFH based on lipid metabolism reprogramming and transcriptional regulatory network].

Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

[MiRNA system in unicellular eukaryotes and its evolutionary implications].

Yan-Qiong Zhang1, Jian-Fan Wen

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.

Dong Wu Xue Yan Jiu = Zoological Research
|May 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for gene regulation in all eukaryotes. This review covers recent advances in understanding miRNA functions and evolution in unicellular organisms, including Giardia.

More Related Videos

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
09:53

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge

Published on: June 15, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
10:40

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
09:53

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge

Published on: June 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Context:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in multicellular eukaryotes.
  • Recent research has significantly advanced the understanding of miRNA roles in unicellular eukaryotes.
  • Studies on miRNAs in unicellular organisms offer insights into the system's evolutionary origins.

Purpose:

  • To summarize recent advancements in the study of microRNAs (miRNAs) in unicellular eukaryotes.
  • To discuss the origin and evolution of the miRNA system.
  • To highlight findings in primitive unicellular eukaryotes like Giardia.

Summary:

  • This review consolidates current knowledge on microRNAs (miRNAs) in unicellular eukaryotes.
  • It covers functional studies and evolutionary aspects, including the primitive eukaryote Giardia.
  • The research enriches understanding of gene expression regulation and miRNA evolution.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of microbial miRNA research.
  • Contributes to understanding the evolutionary trajectory of gene regulation systems.
  • Offers valuable insights for comparative genomics and evolutionary developmental biology.