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Food spoilage is caused by microbial growth or by chemical and physical changes, all of which affect the taste, texture, and safety of food.Temperature-Based PreservationRefrigeration at 0–4 °C slows microbial growth and enzyme activity, making it ideal for short-term storage. However, certain spoilage organisms—such as psychrotrophs like Listeria monocytogenes—can still proliferate at these temperatures. Freezing below -18 °C further slows biological processes by forming ice crystals, which...
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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology
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New alternatives to cosmetics preservation.

S Papageorgiou1, A Varvaresou, E Tsirivas

  • 1Laboratory of Cosmetology, Department of Aesthetics and Cosmetology, School of Health & Caring Professions, Technological Educational Institution, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12210 Egaleo, Frezyderm S.A., Medicine-Cosmetics, 4 Tatoiou Avenue, 14451 Metamorphosi, Athens, Greece.

Journal of Cosmetic Science
|May 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study explores natural cosmetic preservation by replacing chemical preservatives with antimicrobial plant extracts and other ingredients. Formulations with Lonicera extracts, glyceryl caprylate, and ethanol proved safe and effective against microbial contamination.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic Science
  • Microbiology
  • Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

  • Growing consumer demand for preservative-free cosmetics drives innovation in alternative preservation systems.
  • Traditional chemical preservatives face regulatory scrutiny and consumer concerns regarding potential health effects.
  • Developing effective self-preserving cosmetic formulations is crucial for product safety and market acceptance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of cosmetic formulations preserved with natural antimicrobial agents, specifically Lonicera extracts.
  • To assess the combined preservative effects of Lonicera extracts with glyceryl caprylate, levulinic acid, p-anisic acid, and ethanol.
  • To determine the microbiological safety of these formulations under both laboratory challenge conditions and consumer use scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of various cosmetic formulations (tonic lotion, shampoo, shower gel, creams) with Lonicera caprifoleum and Lonicera japonica extracts.
  • Application of European Pharmacopoeia challenge tests to assess preservative efficacy against microbial contamination, including Aspergillus niger.
  • Evaluation of product safety during simulated consumer use to assess long-term microbiological stability.

Main Results:

  • Formulations containing Lonicera extracts and glyceryl caprylate met preservative criteria (Criterion A or B) for Aspergillus niger.
  • Products meeting only Criterion B showed microbial growth during consumer use, indicating insufficient preservation.
  • Incorporation of levulinic acid, p-anisic acid, and/or ethanol significantly enhanced preservative efficacy, achieving Criterion A and ensuring safety during use.

Conclusions:

  • Lonicera extracts combined with glyceryl caprylate offer a foundation for self-preserving cosmetics.
  • Antimicrobial additives like levulinic acid, p-anisic acid, and particularly ethanol, are essential for robust and stable preservative systems.
  • These natural preservation strategies provide a viable alternative to traditional chemical preservatives, ensuring product safety and efficacy.