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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

Published on: July 3, 2013

Renal function in outpatients with chronic heart failure.

Bård Waldum¹, Arne S Westheim, Leiv Sandvik

¹Department of Nephrology, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. wabr@ulleval.no <wabr@ulleval.no>

Journal of Cardiac Failure

|May 8, 2010

Summary

Impaired renal function is common in heart failure (HF) patients and predicts mortality. Loop diuretics and spironolactone may negatively impact kidney function and require careful use.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat

Published on: July 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Nephrology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Impaired renal function is linked to poor outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients.
Understanding predictors of renal dysfunction is crucial for managing HF patients.

Purpose of the Study:

Identify factors associated with impaired renal function in HF outpatients.
Assess the predictive value of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for mortality in HF patients.

Main Methods:

Analysis of baseline data from 3605 outpatients with HF across 24 clinics in Norway.
Patients were randomized into model-building and validation samples.
Evaluated predictors of renal dysfunction and mortality.

Main Results:

44.9% of patients had renal dysfunction (eGFR < 60 mL/min).
Lower eGFR independently predicted all-cause mortality (HR 0.94 per 5 mL/min increase, P = .001).
Spironolactone, higher blood pressure, and lower hemoglobin predicted impaired renal function.

Conclusions:

Clinically significant renal dysfunction is prevalent in HF outpatients and is a strong mortality predictor.
Loop diuretics and spironolactone warrant careful evaluation due to potential adverse effects on renal function.