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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
10:48

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes

Published on: April 12, 2015

MicroRNA pathways in neural development and plasticity.

Ngan K Vo1, Xiaolu A Cambronne, Richard H Goodman

  • 1Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. von@ohsu.edu

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|May 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs are key regulators of neuron development and function. This review highlights their role in reinforcing neuronal maturation and promoting synaptic plasticity.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line on Three Dimensional Cultures, Analysis of MicroRNA and Putative Target Genes
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • They play crucial roles in cellular processes including development, survival, and function.
  • Neurons utilize miRNAs to control gene expression within specific subcellular compartments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of microRNAs in neuronal development and function.
  • To emphasize the contribution of miRNAs to neuronal maturation, dendrite morphogenesis, and synaptogenesis.
  • To discuss the mechanisms by which miRNAs reinforce developmental decisions and modulate synaptic plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on microRNA function in neurons.
  • It examines the regulatory mechanisms of miRNA biogenesis and action.
  • The review focuses on studies investigating miRNA involvement in neuronal plasticity and development.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs significantly influence neuronal development, survival, function, and plasticity.
  • They silence target gene expression by reducing mRNA stability and translation.
  • Neuronal compartmentalization of miRNAs allows for localized control of protein synthesis and synaptic modulation.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are essential regulators that amplify changes in neuronal maturation and synaptogenesis.
  • Their ability to reinforce developmental decisions is critical for neuronal function.
  • MicroRNAs are key players in promoting and maintaining synaptic plasticity in the nervous system.