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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

A Human-machine-interface Integrating Low-cost Sensors with a Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation System for Post-stroke Balance Rehabilitation

Published on: April 12, 2016

Applications in spinal imbalance.

J-L Husson¹, J-F Mallet, H Parent

¹Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Rennes University Hospital, 35033 Rennes, France.

Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research : OTSR

|May 8, 2010

Summary

The human pelvis, a unique spinal vertebra, evolved with bipedalism, creating a distinct lumbosacral angle. Analyzing pelvic and spinal parameters is crucial for managing spinal balance and preventing issues like kyphosis and flat back.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Evolutionary Anatomy
Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

The pelvis functions as a critical link between the spine and lower limbs.
Evolutionary changes, particularly the shift to bipedalism, significantly altered pelvic anatomy and spinal curvature (lumbar lordosis).
Humans exhibit a unique and pronounced lumbosacral angle compared to other mammals.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the significance of pelvic and spinal radiological parameters in assessing sagittal balance in humans.
To underscore the clinical applications of these parameters in managing spinal deformities and imbalances.
To emphasize the importance of considering individual sagittal balance in spinal surgery.

Main Methods:

Radiological analysis of pelvic and spinal parameters.

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Comparative anatomical and evolutionary perspectives on pelvic structure.

Clinical case review and surgical outcome analysis related to spinal balance.

Main Results:

Pelvic and spinal parameters accurately reflect spinal sagittal balance in bipedal individuals.
These parameters are essential for understanding and managing conditions like degenerative kyphosis and postoperative flat back.
Individual sagittal balance assessment is vital for optimizing scoliosis surgery outcomes and preventing long-term balance issues.

Conclusions:

The lumbosacral angle and other pelvic/spinal parameters are key indicators of human spinal health.
Integrating sagittal balance assessment into clinical practice improves management of spinal disorders.
Failure to account for individual sagittal balance can lead to adult-onset balance problems after adolescent spinal surgery.