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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
09:45

Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene

Published on: March 20, 2017

Tri-, deca- and dodecanuclear Co(III)-pyrazolate metallacycles.

Haralampos N Miras1, Indranil Chakraborty, Raphael G Raptis

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 70377, San Juan, PR.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|May 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cobalt(III) salts reacted with pyrazoles and a base to form metallacyclic cobalt species. Structural analysis revealed similarities between pyrazolate and carboxylate motifs in these cobalt complexes.

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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

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Accessing Valuable Ligand Supports for Transition Metals: A Modified, Intermediate Scale Preparation of 1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
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Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry

Background:

  • Cobalt complexes are crucial in catalysis and materials science.
  • Metallacyclic structures offer unique reactivity and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel cobalt-containing metallacycles.
  • To investigate the structural relationship between pyrazolate and carboxylate ligands in cobalt coordination chemistry.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of a cobalt(III) salt with pyrazoles in the presence of a base.
  • Structural characterization using X-ray diffraction and other spectroscopic techniques.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of {Co(3)}, {Co(10)}, and {Co(12)} metallacyclic cobalt species.
  • Structural elucidation revealed a parallel between pyrazolate and carboxylate motifs in the cobalt complexes.

Conclusions:

  • The study demonstrates the formation of diverse cobalt metallacycles.
  • A structural analogy exists between pyrazolate and carboxylate ligands in cobalt coordination chemistry, expanding the scope of ligand design.