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Related Concept Videos

Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...

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Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen
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[Progress on rubella control and immunization strategies].

Jing Ma1, Li-Xin Hao, Hui-Ming Luo

  • 1Department of National Immunization Programme, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.

Zhongguo Yi Miao He Mian Yi
|May 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rubella virus infection during pregnancy can cause Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS), a significant public health issue. China integrated the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine into its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2007 to combat this.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Context:

  • Rubella poses a global health challenge, primarily due to Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) resulting from maternal infection.
  • CRS incurs substantial societal economic burdens.
  • China's integration of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine into its Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in 2007 signifies a proactive public health measure.

Purpose:

  • To explore strategies for incorporating the rubella vaccine into China's EPI.
  • To review domestic and international rubella vaccine immunization strategies.
  • To provide insights for reducing rubella and CRS incidence.

Summary:

  • This paper examines the public health impact of rubella and CRS.
  • It details China's adoption of the MMR vaccine within the EPI framework.
  • The review encompasses global and national approaches to rubella vaccination.

Impact:

  • Aims to reduce the incidence of rubella and CRS.
  • Offers evidence-based recommendations for rubella vaccine integration into immunization programs.
  • Contributes to mitigating the economic and social burdens associated with CRS.