Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
Published on: October 28, 2020
[Evaluation on left ventricular systolic synchronicity and cardiac function in patients with permanent cardiac pacing
Jian-feng Cai1, Ru-xing Wang, Xiao-rong Li
1Cardiac Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China.
Objective:
To determine the feasibility on the left ventricular systolic synchronism and cardiac function evaluation in patients with permanent cardiac pacing by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.
Methods:
Fifteen patients with sick sinus syndrome post dual-chamber pacemaker implantation were enrolled in this study. Pacemakers were programmed to AAI, DDD, and VVI respectively. After pacing for 5 minutes in each mode, participants were examined with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography. Images in different pacing modes were obtained and analyzed by the off-line Qlab 4.2 software. Parameters including global and 17-segmental volume-time curves (VTCs), dispersion of time to minimal regional volume for 16, 12, and 6 left ventricular segments (Tmsv16-s, Tmsv12-s, Tmsv6-s), and maximal difference of time to minimal regional volume for l6, 12 and 6 left ventricular segments (Tmsv16-dif, Tmsv12-dif, Tmsv6-dif), end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured respectively. Parameters of peak filling rate (PFR), regional end diastolic volume (rEDV), regional end systolic volume (rESV), and regional ejection fraction (rEF) were also calculated.
Results:
Left ventricular systolic synchronism as reflected by VTCs, Tmsv16-s, Tmsv12-s, Tmsv6-s, Tmsv16-dif, Tmsv12-dif and Tmsv6-dif as well as parameters reflecting ventricular function, i.e., LVEF, PFR were significantly better in AAI mode than in DDD and VVI models (all P < 0.05). All above indexes were similar between DDD and VVI models (all P > 0.05). rEFs of left inferior wall in base, septum in base and apex were significantly lower in DDD and VVI models compared that in AAI mode (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography can objectively and accurately evaluate left ventricular systolic synchronism and cardiac function in patients with permanent cardiac pacing and AAI mode is superior to DDD and VVI models.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pulse rhythm
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
01:17Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography
Indications: Echocardiography is utilized to diagnose heart failure, valve disorders, and myocardial infarction. It also assesses cardiac structures' size, shape, and motion, evaluates...