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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Intranasal Delivery of mRNA Polyplexes via Rayleigh Breakup Aerosols: An In Vitro Method for Nasal Deposition and Functional Testing
Published on: January 20, 2026
[Effects of double-stranded RNA poly(I:C) on matrix metalloproteinase mRNA expression in human nasal polyp epithelial
Ji-yun Wang1, So Watanabe, Satoshi Matsukura
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China. wjiyun2008@163.com
Objective:
Chronic rhinosinusitis was often exacerbated by viral infection. A disruption of the mechanisms that regulate the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during viral infection was one possible mechanism responsible for the exacerbation. The purpose of study was to achieve a better understanding of MMP expression in nasal epithelial cells after viral infection.
Methods:
Human nasal epithelial cells were isolated from nasal polyp specimens obtained during endoscopic endonasal surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 mRNA in primary human nasal polyp epithelial cells after double stranded RNA (ds RNA) stimulation were investigated.
Results:
Among the genes whose expression was evaluated, only expression of MMP-9 mRNA increased significantly after dsRNA stimulation (22.61 +/- 5.47 fold increase, Z = -2.52, P = 0.012).
Conclusions:
The significant up-regulation of MMP-9 mRNA, which was not modulated by TIMP-1, was an additional source of increased proteolytic activity in virus-infected upper airways that might contribute to the exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
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