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Imaging manifestations of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

R Shah1, A K Bag, P R Chapman

  • 1Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Clinical Radiology
|May 11, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a brain disease diagnosed using imaging and JC virus PCR. This review covers imaging techniques for diagnosing, monitoring, and predicting outcomes of PML.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, severe demyelinating disease.
  • PML results from the reactivation of JC virus in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Diagnosis typically involves imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the imaging features of PML.
  • To detail the role of various imaging modalities in PML diagnosis and management.
  • To discuss imaging's utility in patient follow-up and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of imaging manifestations of PML.
  • Inclusion of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), MR spectroscopy, single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron-emission tomography (PET).

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of PML's appearance across multiple imaging techniques.
  • Highlighting specific imaging findings indicative of PML.
  • Emphasis on the diagnostic and prognostic value of advanced imaging.

Conclusions:

  • Imaging plays a critical role in the early diagnosis and characterization of PML.
  • Advanced neuroimaging techniques aid in assessing disease extent and guiding treatment.
  • Imaging is essential for monitoring treatment response and predicting patient outcomes in PML.

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