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Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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The development of spatial frequency biases in face recognition.

Hayley C Leonard1, Annette Karmiloff-Smith, Mark H Johnson

  • 1Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, UK. h.leonard@psychology.bbk.ac.uk

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|May 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Children

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Adult face recognition relies on mid-band spatial frequencies.
  • The developmental trajectory of this spatial frequency bias in children is under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the development of spatial frequency biases in face recognition across childhood.
  • To determine when children develop adult-like face processing strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted an adult spatial frequency masking paradigm.
  • Tested children aged 7–10 years and adults using upright and inverted faces with blocked spatial frequencies.

Main Results:

  • Adults and 9–10-year-olds showed a mid-band bias for upright faces, indicating face-specific processing.

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  • 7–8-year-olds did not exhibit this bias, processing upright and inverted faces similarly.

    • Conclusions:

    • Specialization for mid-band spatial frequencies in upright face recognition develops gradually during childhood.
    • This developmental shift may be linked to increasing face expertise in children.