Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 13, 2026

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior
Published on: March 2, 2015
Stress, genetics and epigenetic effects on the neurobiology of suicidal behavior and depression
1Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, Box 42, New York, NY 10032, USA. jjm@columbia.edu
Abstract:
Alterations in a number of neurobiological systems have been associated with suicidal behavior including the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Altered functioning of these systems may stem from both genetic and developmental causes. Adversity in early-life has developmental consequences on these systems that persist into adulthood. Genetic differences may also contribute to alterations in functioning of neurobiological systems. Moreover, the interaction of early-life experiences of adversity and genetic vulnerability is increasingly thought to play a role, including via epigenetic mechanisms.
Related Concept Videos
Human Genetics
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Depressive Disorders: Etiology
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
Stress and Mental Health
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
Causes of Social Behavior III: Biological and Environmental Influences
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Introduction to Biological Bases of Psychology
The nervous system, the cornerstone of...

