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Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Testes: Gross Anatomy01:19

Testes: Gross Anatomy

The testes, also known as testicles, are the male gonads. They are housed within the scrotum, a sac-like structure located beneath the penis. The scrotum's primary role is to regulate the temperature of the testes, which is crucial for sperm production.
Each testis is surrounded by the tunica albuginea, a dense connective tissue layer that provides structural support and protection. This layer is covered by an outer serous membrane called the tunica vaginalis, which helps reduce friction...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura
03:38

Microsurgical Obstruction of Testes Fusion in Spodoptera litura

Published on: July 16, 2021

Testicular sparing surgery for small masses.

Yaniv Shilo1, Amnon Zisman, Orit Raz

  • 1Department of Urology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.

Urologic Oncology
|May 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Sixty-nine percent of small testicular lesions are benign, making testicular sparing surgery (TSS) a safe and effective option. Frozen section analysis reliably distinguishes benign from malignant tumors during surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Testicular tumors require accurate diagnosis and treatment.
  • Testicular sparing surgery (TSS) is an option for select testicular lesions.
  • Assessing the benign proportion and safety of TSS is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine the proportion of benign testicular lesions in patients considered for TSS.
  • Evaluate the safety and efficacy of TSS for these lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical exploration of 16 patients with testicular tumors.
  • Inguinal approach with temporary cord occlusion.
  • Intraoperative frozen section (FS) analysis to guide surgical decisions (TSS or orchiectomy).

Main Results:

  • 11 of 16 lesions (69%) were benign and treated with TSS.
  • 5 lesions were malignant (3 seminoma, 1 embryonal carcinoma, 1 teratoma).
  • FS analysis showed complete concordance with permanent sections; no local or distant recurrence observed post-surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 69% of testicular lesions under 25 mm are benign.
  • TSS is a safe and effective procedure for small, benign testicular lesions.
  • Frozen section analysis is reliable for intraoperative diagnosis, guiding appropriate surgical management and preventing recurrence.