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Related Concept Videos

Korotkoff Sounds01:12

Korotkoff Sounds

Korotkoff sounds are the specific sounds heard while measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, typically with a stethoscope or a Doppler device. They are named after Russian physician Nikolai Korotkov, who first described them in 1905. These sounds correspond to turbulent blood flow in the artery as the blood pressure cuff is gradually released after inflation.
During blood pressure assessment, inflating the cuff 30 millimeters of mercury above the patient's systolic blood pressure...
Torsional Pendulum01:09

Torsional Pendulum

A torsional pendulum involves the oscillation of a rigid body in which the restoring force is provided by the torsion in the string from which the rigid body is suspended. Ideally, the string should be massless; practically, its mass is much smaller than the rigid body's mass and is neglected.
As long as the rigid body's angular displacement is small, its oscillation can be modeled as a linear angular oscillation. The amplitude of the oscillation is an angle. The role of mass is played by the...
Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V) valves at the...
The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
The Bell Curve01:21

The Bell Curve

The normal probability distribution, often depicted as a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve, is fundamental in statistics and the study of natural phenomena. This pattern, famously described by mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss, shows how data points are distributed around a central mean, with most values near the average and fewer observations occurring as they deviate further from it.
This pattern applies to many human characteristics beyond intelligence, such as height. For example, if you...
Simple Pendulum01:10

Simple Pendulum

A simple pendulum consists of a small diameter ball suspended from a string, which has negligible mass but is strong enough to not stretch. In our daily life, pendulums have many uses, such as in clocks, on a swing set, and on a sinker on a fishing line.
The period of a simple pendulum depends on two factors: its length and the acceleration due to gravity. The period is completely independent of any other factors, such as mass or maximum displacement. For small displacements, a pendulum is...

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Aortic Ring Assay
09:12

Aortic Ring Assay

Published on: November 24, 2009

The Bell's toll.

Luciano Mesquita Simão1, Ann P Murchison, Jurij R Bilyk

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|May 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perineural spread of skin cancer can cause facial drooping and numbness. Early detection is crucial, as this condition may involve the cavernous sinus, requiring prompt medical attention.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Perineural spread is a rare complication of cutaneous malignancies.
  • Facial numbness and drooping can indicate underlying pathology.

Observation:

  • A 70-year-old male presented with progressive facial drooping and numbness.
  • MRI revealed an enlarged right cavernous sinus.
  • History of squamous cell carcinoma of the face.

Findings:

  • Craniotomy and biopsy confirmed malignancy within the cavernous sinus.
  • The findings suggest perineural spread from the facial skin cancer.

Implications:

  • Ophthalmologists should maintain a high index of suspicion for perineural spread in patients with facial numbness or drooping.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are essential for patients with suspected perineural spread.
  • This case highlights the importance of recognizing subtle neurological signs of cutaneous malignancy recurrence.