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Published on: August 18, 2020
Changes in the frontotemporal cortex and cognitive correlates in first-episode psychosis
Leticia Gutiérrez-Galve1, Claudia A M Wheeler-Kingshott, Daniel R Altmann
1University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
Schizophrenia patients show reduced frontotemporal cortical area, particularly in the temporal cortex. This area, not thickness, correlates with cognitive functions like IQ and working memory, suggesting early developmental disruptions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Frontotemporal cortical volume loss is observed in schizophrenia patients and relatives.
- Cortical area and thickness are genetically distinct, offering separate insights into corticogenesis.
- Previous research indicates potential disturbances in brain development relevant to schizophrenia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate differences in frontotemporal cortical area and thickness between first-episode psychosis patients and healthy controls.
- To explore the relationship between cortical parameters and clinical/cognitive measures in schizophrenia.
- To differentiate early neurodevelopmental changes from environmental influences in schizophrenia.
Main Methods:
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess cortical area and thickness.
- Surface-based morphometry (Freesurfer) was employed for detailed measurements.
- Neuropsychological testing evaluated premorbid IQ, current IQ, working memory, verbal memory, and executive function.
Main Results:
- Patients exhibited reduced frontotemporal cortical area, especially in the temporal regions.
- No significant difference in overall frontotemporal cortical thickness was found, but regional thinning occurred.
- Cortical area, not thickness, was significantly associated with premorbid IQ, current IQ, and working memory.
Conclusions:
- Findings suggest an early disruption in corticogenesis in schizophrenia, potentially influenced by environmental factors.
- Cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia display regional variations.
- These abnormalities differ from those seen in neurodegenerative conditions.
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