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Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines01:24

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines

A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
Zero-sequence current induces a voltage drop across the generator's neutral impedance and other...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
05:57

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

N-stage planar optical permutation network.

R A Spanke, V E Benes

    Applied Optics
    |May 11, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a novel planar permutation network for optical switching. The design minimizes optical path crossovers and efficiently achieves any permutation using a minimal number of crosspoints.

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    Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Computer Architecture
    • Telecommunications

    Background:

    • Traditional optical switching networks often face challenges with complex architectures and signal interference.
    • The need for efficient and scalable optical switching solutions is critical for modern high-speed data transmission.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present the design and construction of a novel permutation network tailored for optical switching applications.
    • To demonstrate the advantages of a planar architecture in optical switching networks.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of a planar switching architecture that avoids optical path crossovers.
    • Introduction of an algorithm for configuring binary cells to achieve any specified permutation.
    • Analysis of the network's crosspoint count for N x N configurations.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed network is planar, simplifying optical path routing.
    • The network successfully achieves any specified permutation with a minimal number of crosspoints (N(N-1)/2).
    • The architecture allows for partitioning to mitigate fabrication challenges.

    Conclusions:

    • The constructed permutation network offers an efficient and practical solution for optical switching.
    • The planar design and minimal crosspoint usage represent a significant advancement in optical switching technology.
    • This network is optimal in terms of crosspoint count for planar N x N rearrangeable networks.