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Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers, unexplained...
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Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

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Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

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Wave summation
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
10:49

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Published on: June 2, 2018

Wilmer fundus camera stimulator.

J S Sunness, M A Johnson, R W Massof

    Applied Optics
    |May 11, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces a modified fundus camera stimulator for precise visual function testing. The device enables detailed retinal examination and visual field analysis with real-time monitoring and data storage.

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    Published on: January 10, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Medical Imaging
    • Visual Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Accurate visual field testing requires precise stimulus localization on the retina.
    • Existing fundus perimeters may lack sufficient visualization or precise stimulus control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a novel Wilmer fundus camera stimulator for visual function testing.
    • To enable precise stimulus delivery and fixation monitoring during perimetry.
    • To compare the device with existing fundus perimeters.

    Main Methods:

    • Modification of a fundus camera with a deep red source and IR vidicon.
    • Real-time digitization and computer-generated graphics for stimulus plotting on fundus images.
    • Utilizing floppy disk storage for data retrieval and analysis.
    • Performing both static and kinetic perimetry.

    Main Results:

    • The device allows for low-level illumination and clear fundus visualization.
    • Stimulus location is precisely plotted on digitized fundus images.
    • Fixation monitoring is integrated into the testing procedure.
    • The system supports both static and kinetic visual field testing.

    Conclusions:

    • The modified fundus camera stimulator offers precise visual function testing at specific retinal locations.
    • The system provides enhanced visualization, accurate stimulus plotting, and data storage capabilities.
    • This technology represents an advancement in fundus perimetry for clinical applications.