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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
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Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
08:51

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

Complex susceptibility for collisional broadening.

K Tomiyama, S A Clough, F X Kneizys

    Applied Optics
    |May 11, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new approximate formula for collisionally broadened spectral lines was created. This formula accurately calculates the real part of susceptibility across microwave to infrared frequencies, aiding spectral computations.

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    Published on: August 18, 2017

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    Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
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    Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

    Published on: July 25, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Quantum Mechanics
    • Physical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Collisionally broadened spectral lines are crucial in various spectroscopic applications.
    • Accurate modeling of line shapes, including line coupling, is essential for precise spectral analysis.
    • Existing models may have limitations in applicability across different frequency ranges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a unified approximate expression for the real part of susceptibility.
    • To extend the applicability of spectral line shape models from microwave to infrared regions.
    • To provide a computationally efficient method for spectral computations.

    Main Methods:

    • Applied the Hilbert transform to the impact approximation line shape.
    • Utilized the Kramers-Kronig relationship for deriving the approximate expression.
    • Developed a new algorithm for numerical comparison with exact results.

    Main Results:

    • A unified approximate expression for the real part of susceptibility was successfully developed.
    • The derived expression is valid for collisionally broadened transitions across microwave to infrared frequencies.
    • Numerical comparisons confirmed the accuracy of the approximate function against exact results.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed approximate expression offers a versatile tool for spectral computations.
    • This method enhances the accuracy of calculating the index of refraction and propagation delays.
    • The findings are applicable to diverse fields requiring precise spectral analysis.