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Related Concept Videos

Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be inserted. The...
Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either sorted through...
Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis

Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that involves the inward folding of the cell membrane to create vesicles that capture and transport large drug molecules. This process comprises two distinct methods: pinocytosis (often referred to as "cell drinking") and phagocytosis (often referred to as "cell eating"). Pinocytosis is...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform
08:02

Cell Squeezing as a Robust, Microfluidic Intracellular Delivery Platform

Published on: November 7, 2013

Cellular endocytosis and gene delivery.

Jennifer E Ziello1, Yan Huang, Ion S Jovin

  • 1Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.

Molecular Medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)
|May 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cells use endocytosis to absorb macromolecules. This review explores how endocytosis and cellular trafficking of gene therapy vectors, like viruses and liposomes, impact treatment efficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular medicine
  • Gene therapy

Background:

  • Endocytosis is crucial for cellular uptake of macromolecules, with clathrin-dependent and independent pathways identified.
  • Understanding endocytosis is vital for molecular medicine, particularly for gene therapy vector delivery.
  • Viral and nonviral vectors used in gene therapy are internalized via endocytosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of endocytosis.
  • To examine the relationship between endocytosis and the intracellular trafficking of gene therapy vectors.
  • To highlight the relevance of endocytic pathways for enhancing gene therapy efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of endocytosis mechanisms.
  • Analysis of cellular uptake pathways for various gene therapy vectors (adenoviruses, AAVs, retroviruses, liposomes).

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Expression of Fluorescent Fusion Proteins in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells and Macrophages
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Expression of Fluorescent Fusion Proteins in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells and Macrophages

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  • Discussion of intracellular trafficking processes following vector internalization.

    • Main Results:

    • Endocytosis, including clathrin-dependent and independent routes, is the primary mechanism for vector entry into cells.
    • Different vectors utilize specific endocytic pathways for cellular internalization.
    • Intracellular trafficking dictates vector fate and influences gene delivery efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Elucidating endocytic mechanisms is key to optimizing gene therapy vector design and delivery.
    • Targeting specific endocytic pathways can improve the efficiency and safety of gene therapy.
    • Further research into vector-cell interactions via endocytosis will advance therapeutic applications.