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Related Concept Videos

Biofuels01:25

Biofuels

The microbial conversion of organic matter into biofuels holds potential as a renewable energy source. Among biofuel sources, microalgae are recognized as a highly efficient and adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production, owing to their rapid biomass accumulation, elevated lipid productivity, and capacity to proliferate in diverse aquatic systems, including freshwater, marine, and wastewater habitats. Unlike terrestrial crops, microalgae do not compete for land and can achieve significantly...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Intra-Omental Islet Transplantation Using h-Omental Matrix Islet filliNG (hOMING)
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A glucose biofuel cell implanted in rats.

Philippe Cinquin1, Chantal Gondran, Fabien Giroud

  • 1Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG (Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications de Grenoble), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France. Philippe.Cinquin@imag.fr

Plos One
|May 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the first implantable glucose biofuel cell (GBFC) for powering medical devices using glucose and oxygen. This innovative design functions within the body, overcoming previous limitations and enabling potential for new artificial organs.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrochemistry
  • Implantable Medical Devices

Background:

  • Current implantable devices rely on inefficient transcutaneous energy transfer or body energy harvesting.
  • Existing glucose biofuel cells (GBFCs) are not suitable for implantation due to enzyme sensitivity to physiological conditions.
  • Enzyme inhibition by chloride and urate in extracellular fluid (ECF) has prevented in vivo application of GBFCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop the first functional implantable glucose biofuel cell (GBFC) capable of operating within the mammalian body.
  • To overcome limitations of previous GBFCs, specifically enzyme inhibition in physiological conditions.
  • To create a power source for future implantable medical devices and artificial organs.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a novel GBFC with a mechanical enzyme/mediator confinement system, avoiding covalent binding.
  • Utilized glucose oxidase and ubiquinone at the anode, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) with quinone at the cathode.
  • Tested the GBFC in the retroperitoneal space of freely moving rats.

Main Results:

  • The novel GBFC operated effectively in vivo at physiological pH (7) and in the presence of chloride and urate ions.
  • The most efficient GBFC design achieved a peak specific power of 24.4 microW mL(-1).
  • This power output exceeds the requirements for pacemakers, demonstrating functional viability.

Conclusions:

  • The developed implantable GBFC represents a breakthrough in bioenergy harvesting for medical applications.
  • The innovative mechanical confinement strategy allows for broader enzyme and mediator selection and simplifies construction.
  • This technology paves the way for a new generation of self-powered implantable artificial organs.