Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing, inherently...
Horney's Sociocultural Approach01:27

Horney's Sociocultural Approach

Karen Horney's psychoanalytic theories emphasize the potential for self-realization and the importance of addressing social and cultural, rather than biological, factors in personality development. She challenged traditional Freudian views, particularly Freud's concept of "penis envy," which she argued stemmed from cultural influences rather than inherent biological differences. Horney believed that any sense of inferiority in women was a result of societal conditioning, such as dependence on...
Relationship Growth01:27

Relationship Growth

Interpersonal relationships progress through stages, beginning with awareness and moving toward mutuality, where emotional connections deepen. While many relationships remain at moderate levels of mutuality, deeper connections form through self-disclosure, trust, and interdependence.Self-DisclosureSelf-disclosure involves revealing personal information, starting with surface-level details and gradually progressing to more intimate content. As trust grows, individuals feel more comfortable...
Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparing the value of dynamic versus static image-based tests of emotion recognition in neurodegenerative disease.

Journal of neuropsychology·2026
Same author

On What Can We Agree?: Principles Endorsed by Facial Affect Researchers across Theoretical Perspectives and Subdisciplines of Psychology and Neuroscience.

Affective science·2026
Same author

The highs and lows: Cannabis use and positive valence bipolar mood and emotion processes in emerging adults.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Dynamic emotion fabric theory: a new framework for understanding the biology of flexible emotion states.

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience·2026
Same author

Multimodal semantic knowledge of emotion concepts in frontotemporal dementia.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Cognitive processes and emotion perception in frontotemporal dementia.

Cognition & emotion·2026
Same journal

Sexual Identity Development and Sexual Debut in Black Women-Loving Women.

Journal of homosexuality·2026
Same journal

The Gender-Based Public Harassment Checklist (GBPH-C): Development and Initial Evidence of Validity.

Journal of homosexuality·2026
Same journal

Evolving Landscapes, Shifting Narratives: Understanding Taiwanese News Media Portrayals of LGBTQ+ Populations from 2010 to 2021.

Journal of homosexuality·2026
Same journal

Naming Benevolence, Exposing Heterosexism: Reflections on Qualitative Inquiry into Ambivalent Prejudice.

Journal of homosexuality·2026
Same journal

Hetero-Patriarchy and its Discontent: A Study of Modes of Resistance Among Khasi LGBT++ Against Historical Erasure.

Journal of homosexuality·2026
Same journal

Bullying, Social Isolation, and Mental Health Among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth: Reflections on Mechanisms and Protective Contexts.

Journal of homosexuality·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

Exploring the basis for gender differences in the demand-withdraw pattern.

Sarah R Holley1, Virginia E Sturm, Robert W Levenson

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-5050, USA.

Journal of Homosexuality
|May 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marital conflict often involves wives demanding and husbands withdrawing. This pattern, seen across heterosexual, gay, and lesbian couples, is linked to the desire for change, not gender differences.

More Related Videos

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
07:26

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
11:51

Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making

Published on: March 2, 2011

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
07:26

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Relationship Science

Background:

  • The demand-withdraw pattern is a common dynamic in marital conflict.
  • Historically, this pattern was attributed to inherent gender differences between men and women.
  • An alternative theory suggests power imbalances, where the party desiring more change demands, and the party desiring less change withdraws.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origins of the demand-withdraw pattern in intimate relationships.
  • To test whether the demand-withdraw pattern is exclusive to heterosexual couples or also present in same-sex couples.
  • To evaluate the role of desired change versus gender as predictors of demand-withdraw behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Examined demand-withdraw behaviors in a sample of 63 couples.
  • Included heterosexual, gay, and lesbian couples to compare relationship types.
  • Analyzed the relationship between the amount of change desired in a partner and demand-withdraw behaviors during conflict.

Main Results:

  • The demand-withdraw pattern was observed in all couple types studied (heterosexual, gay, and lesbian).
  • For all couples, the extent to which individuals desired change in their partners predicted their engagement in demand or withdraw behaviors.
  • These findings were consistent regardless of the sexual orientation of the couple.

Conclusions:

  • The demand-withdraw pattern is not exclusive to heterosexual relationships and is present in same-sex relationships as well.
  • The desire for change within a relationship is a significant predictor of demand and withdraw behaviors, irrespective of couple type.
  • The study suggests that societal power dynamics, which traditionally afford men more power, may explain the prevalence of this pattern in heterosexual relationships, rather than innate gender differences.