Related Experiment Videos
Depression and osteoporosis: a research synthesis with meta-analysis
1Clinical Endocrine Section, Clinical Endocrinology Branch, NIDDK, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA. cizzag@intra.niddk.nih.gov <cizzag@intra.niddk.nih.gov>
Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Metabolisme
|May 11, 2010
Summary
Major depressive disorder is linked to significantly lower bone mineral density, particularly in the spine and hip. This association suggests an increased lifetime fracture risk for individuals with depression.
Area of Science:
- Bone Metabolism and Mental Health
- Clinical Osteoporosis Research
Background:
- Major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasingly recognized for its potential systemic effects.
- Previous studies suggest a link between MDD and reduced bone mineral density (BMD), but findings are inconsistent regarding the strength and direction of this association.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically confirm the association between MDD and BMD.
- To quantify the magnitude of this association.
- To evaluate the clinical significance of reduced BMD in individuals with depression.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search identified 535 articles, with 33 meeting inclusion criteria for synthesis.
- A meta-analysis was conducted on 20 studies comparing BMD in individuals with and without depression.
- Standardized mean differences in BMD at the AP spine, total femur, and femoral neck were calculated.
Main Results:
- A significant inverse relationship between depression and BMD was observed in 76% of the included studies.
- Meta-analysis revealed lower BMD in depressed individuals: 4.73% lower at the AP spine, 3.53% lower at the total femur, and 7.32% lower at the femoral neck.
- These BMD reductions were statistically significant across all measured sites.
Conclusions:
- Major depressive disorder is significantly associated with reduced bone mineral density at key skeletal sites.
- The observed BMD deficits in individuals with depression are clinically relevant.
- This association likely contributes to an elevated lifetime risk of fractures in the depressed population.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Bone Disorders
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
01:40Bone Remodeling
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
01:25Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health
The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
01:18Depression: Overview
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
01:27Depressive Disorders: Etiology
Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...