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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
Published on: May 21, 2015
Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory T-cell paradigm in pregnancy
Shigeru Saito1, Akitoshi Nakashima, Tomoko Shima
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. s30saito@med.u-toyama.ac.jp
Abstract:
T-helper (Th) cells play a central role in modulating immune responses. The Th1/Th2 paradigm has now developed into the new Th1/Th2/Th17 paradigm. In addition to effector cells, Th cells are regulated by regulatory T (Treg) cells. Their capacity to produce cytokines is suppressed by immunoregulatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and interleukin (IL)-10 or by cell-to-cell interaction. Here, we will review the immunological environment in normal pregnancy and complicated pregnancy, such as implantation failure, abortion, preterm labor, and preeclampsia from the viewpoint of the new Th1/Th2/Th17 and Treg paradigms.
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