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Related Concept Videos

Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription factors...
Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins01:13

Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins

The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component that plays several structural and functional roles. However, the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton cannot function independently and depend on the accessory or ancillary proteins to effectively carry out their function. Accessory proteins associate with cytoskeletal filaments and their monomers, aiding filament formation and function. They also help in the cross-communication among cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal accessory proteins are...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Folliculogenesis01:20

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Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...

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Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
07:26

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Published on: April 1, 2022

Core issues in craniofacial myogenesis.

Robert G Kelly1

  • 1Developmental Biology Institute of Marseilles-Luminy, UMR 6216/CNRS, Université de la Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 9, France. kelly@ibdml.univ-mrs.fr.

Experimental Cell Research
|May 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Branchiomeric muscles, crucial for facial functions, arise from unique embryonic origins. Their distinct developmental pathways and cellular properties offer insights into muscle development and related diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Muscle Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Branchiomeric craniofacial muscles are distinct from other skeletal muscles.
  • They originate from pharyngeal mesoderm, sharing developmental programs with cardiac progenitor cells.
  • Their myogenic program initiation differs from somite-derived muscle progenitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss new insights into regulatory hierarchies controlling branchiomeric myogenesis.
  • To highlight differences in embryological origin, lineage, and cellular properties.
  • To explore biomedical relevance for muscle-restricted myopathies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current research on branchiomeric muscle development.
  • Analysis of genetic programs and signaling molecules.
  • Comparison of branchiomeric and somite-derived muscle progenitor cells.

Main Results:

  • Branchiomeric muscles possess unique regulatory hierarchies.
  • Distinct transcription factors and signaling molecules govern their myogenesis.
  • Differences in embryological origin impact lineage, transcriptional programs, and satellite cell properties.

Conclusions:

  • Embryological origin dictates diverse myogenic strategies in development and adulthood.
  • Understanding branchiomeric myogenesis is key to deciphering muscle-restricted myopathies.
  • These findings advance knowledge of skeletal muscle heterogeneity and disease mechanisms.