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Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

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Data Validation01:03

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Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback01:24

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Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Assuring validity of multisource feedback in a national programme.

Julian Archer1, Mary McGraw, Helena Davies

  • 1Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK. julian.archer@pms.ac.uk

Archives of Disease in Childhood
|May 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Sheffield Peer Review Assessment Tool (SPRAT) shows validity in assessing paediatric trainees, but leniency bias and assessor seniority threaten results. Unregulated assessor selection must end for reliable multisource feedback.

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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Paediatric Training
  • Workplace-Based Assessment

Background:

  • The Sheffield Peer Review Assessment Tool (SPRAT) is utilized within the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health's workplace-based assessment program.
  • Evaluating the validity and challenges of SPRAT is crucial for ensuring effective paediatric specialist training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the evidence supporting the validity of the Sheffield Peer Review Assessment Tool (SPRAT).
  • To identify challenges impacting the validity of SPRAT when used with paediatric Specialist Registrars (SpRs).

Main Methods:

  • A quality assurance analysis, including generalisability, of a multisource feedback questionnaire study.
  • Data from 577 paediatric SpRs across UK Deaneries (August 2005-May 2006) were analyzed.
  • Factor analysis and generalisability theory were employed to assess reliability and validity.

Main Results:

  • Multisource feedback (MSF) using SPRAT identified two key traits: clinical care and psychosocial skills.
  • Significant differences in scores were observed between training years (Year 2 vs. Year 4).
  • Consultant assessments were significantly lower than those from Senior House Officers and Foundation doctors, indicating potential bias.

Conclusions:

  • Multisource feedback effectively assesses clinical care and psychosocial skills in paediatric trainees.
  • Systematic biases, including leniency and assessor seniority, challenge the validity of MSF.
  • The study recommends ending the unregulated self-selection of assessors to improve the reliability of SPRAT.