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Related Concept Videos

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of many...
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
05:56

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Vomiting from multivitamins: a potential drug interaction.

Frank Greenway1, Ken Fujioka, Ying Yu

  • 1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA. frank.greenway@pbrc.edu

American Journal of Therapeutics
|May 12, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new multivitamin formulation caused significant increases in nausea, vomiting, and rash among women in a weight loss program. Citrus bioflavonoids in the new supplement may interact with estrogen therapies, leading to adverse events.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
05:56

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Pharmacology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • A weight loss program primarily serving women reported increased adverse events after a multivitamin supplier change.
  • These events included nausea, vomiting, and rash, particularly in women using oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the significance of reported adverse events following a multivitamin formulation change.
  • To investigate the potential mechanism linking the new multivitamin to adverse events, considering concurrent estrogen therapy.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, observational study comparing adverse event reports (nausea, vomiting, rash, total complaints) in the three months before and after the multivitamin change.
  • Statistical analysis using the chi-squared test to determine the significance of observed differences in complaint incidence.

Main Results:

  • A significant increase in nausea and vomiting (P < 0.0001), rash (P < 0.02), and total complaints (P < 0.0001) was observed after the multivitamin change.
  • The altered multivitamin contained added citrus bioflavonoids, which can inhibit estrogen metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • The addition of citrus bioflavonoids to multivitamins may lead to adverse drug interactions, particularly with estrogen-based therapies.
  • Elevated estrogen levels due to inhibited clearance could explain the increased incidence of nausea and vomiting.