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Published on: January 7, 2019
RAGE: a multi-ligand receptor unveiling novel insights in health and disease
P Alexiou1, M Chatzopoulou, K Pegklidou
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Greece. ksenia@pharm.auth.gr
Abstract:
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is expressed in a range of cell types such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mesangial cells, mononuclear phagocytes and certain neurons. It is a multi-ligand receptor and a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules. Its repertoire of ligands includes advanced glycation end products (AGEs), amyloid fibrils, amphoterin and S100/calgranulins. This variety of ligands allows RAGE to be implicated in a wide spectrum of pathological conditions such as diabetes and its complications, Alzheimer's disease, cancer and inflammation. Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in the RAGE gene may have impact on the functional activity of the receptor. It becomes obvious that RAGE pathway is a complicated one and the question of whether blockade of RAGE is a feasible and safe strategy for the prevention/treatment of chronic diseases is gradually gaining the attention of the pharmaceutical community. In this review the biology of RAGE and the triggered signaling cascades involved in health and disease will be presented. Additionally, its potential as an attractive pharmacotherapeutic target will be explored by pointing out the pharmacotherapeutic agents that have been developed for RAGE blockade.
Insights
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) pathway is complex and linked to various diseases. Blockading RAGE shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for chronic conditions.
Area of Science:
- Molecular biology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) is a cell surface molecule involved in various cellular processes.
- RAGE interacts with diverse ligands, including advanced glycation end products (AGEs), amyloid fibrils, and S100/calgranulins.
- RAGE is implicated in numerous pathological conditions, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, and inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the fundamental biology of RAGE and its associated signaling pathways in health and disease.
- To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the RAGE pathway for chronic disease management.
- To present an overview of pharmacotherapeutic agents developed for RAGE blockade.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of RAGE biology, signaling, and therapeutic targets.
- Analysis of RAGE's role in various disease pathologies.
- Compilation of existing and emerging RAGE-blocking agents.
Main Results:
- RAGE's multi-ligand binding and signaling cascades contribute to a wide range of diseases.
- Genetic variations in RAGE can influence its functional activity.
- Several pharmacotherapeutic agents targeting RAGE have been developed, indicating its potential as a drug target.
Conclusions:
- The RAGE pathway is a significant factor in numerous chronic diseases.
- Targeting RAGE presents a promising therapeutic avenue for conditions like diabetes, Alzheimer's, cancer, and inflammation.
- Further research into RAGE blockade strategies is warranted to assess safety and efficacy for disease prevention and treatment.
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