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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Widespread remodeling of mid-coding sequence nucleosomes by Isw1.

Itay Tirosh1, Nadejda Sigal, Naama Barkai

  • 1Department of Molecular genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl street, Rehovot 76100, Israel. itay.tirosh@weizmann.ac.il

Genome Biology
|May 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The chromatin remodeler Isw1, unlike Isw2, primarily affects nucleosome positioning within gene coding regions. Its absence causes upstream nucleosome shifts, suggesting a role in regulating transcription elongation and preventing cryptic initiation.

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Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes
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Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes

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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes
10:14

Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes

Published on: October 25, 2014

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
09:20

CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

Published on: September 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Chromatin Biology

Background:

  • Nucleosome positioning is determined by DNA sequence and chromatin remodelers.
  • Isw2 remodeler prevents aberrant gene expression at gene ends in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the genome-wide function of the Isw1 chromatin remodeler.
  • Determine Isw1's role in nucleosome positioning and gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide nucleosome mapping in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus.
  • Analysis of gene deletion strains lacking ISW1.
  • Correlation analysis with histone modifications (H3K79 trimethylation) and cryptic initiation sites.

Main Results:

  • Isw1 primarily functions within gene coding regions, impacting transcription elongation.
  • Deletion of ISW1 caused upstream shifts in mid-coding nucleosomes for approximately half of the genes studied.
  • Isw1-dependent nucleosome shifts correlated with H3K79 trimethylation and were enriched at genes with internal cryptic initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Isw1 and Isw2 exhibit a division of labor in chromatin regulation, with Isw1 acting in mid-coding regions and Isw2 at gene ends.
  • Histone mark interactions may specify the distinct roles of Isw1 and Isw2.