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Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
Conserved Binding Sites01:49

Conserved Binding Sites

Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally analyses the...
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Web-Based Workflow for Selecting Gene- and Tissue-Specific Enhancers
08:12

A Web-Based Workflow for Selecting Gene- and Tissue-Specific Enhancers

Published on: July 18, 2025

Using caching and optimization techniques to improve performance of the Ensembl website.

Anne Parker1, Eugene Bragin, Simon Brent

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambs CB10 1SA, UK. ap5@sanger.ac.uk

BMC Bioinformatics
|May 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The Ensembl website was updated using Web 2.0 technologies to improve genomic data access. These enhancements resulted in a faster, more interactive user experience for researchers worldwide.

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics
  • Web Development

Background:

  • The Ensembl website has been a primary resource for genomic information for nearly a decade.
  • Exponential growth in genomic data necessitated a reevaluation of the Ensembl web interface.
  • Previous updates focused on data expansion, but a new technological approach was identified as crucial for future scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and implement cutting-edge web technologies to enhance the Ensembl website.
  • To improve server efficiency and reduce interface latency for a better user experience.
  • To adapt the Ensembl platform to meet the demands of increasing data volumes and user interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of the Ensembl website with "Web 2.0" platforms.
  • Performance evaluation of the existing website using browser tools and Apache benchmarking.
  • Implementation of optimized Apache web server configurations, caching technologies, and Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) code.

Main Results:

  • Identified opportunities to enhance server efficiency and reduce interface latency.
  • Successfully deployed performance improvements on the Ensembl website in late 2008 and early 2009.
  • Achieved a more responsive and interactive user interface.

Conclusions:

  • Web 2.0 technologies offer a robust solution for accessing and interacting with large genomic datasets.
  • The implemented upgrades significantly improved website responsiveness and user experience.
  • The enhanced Ensembl platform provides flexible and efficient access to terabytes of genomic data.