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Related Concept Videos

Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing in Mouse Brain Sections Using RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay
11:22

Quantitative Analysis of Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing in Mouse Brain Sections Using RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay

Published on: August 26, 2018

Evolution of alternative splicing in primate brain transcriptomes.

Lan Lin1, Shihao Shen, Peng Jiang

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.

Human Molecular Genetics
|May 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alternative splicing in the primate brain shows significant human-specific changes. These alterations in gene regulation likely contributed to the evolution of human brain functions.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing in Mouse Brain Sections Using RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay
11:22

Quantitative Analysis of Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing in Mouse Brain Sections Using RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay

Published on: August 26, 2018

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
11:48

Detection of Alternative Splicing During Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: October 9, 2014

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells
10:06

Engineering Artificial Factors to Specifically Manipulate Alternative Splicing in Human Cells

Published on: April 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Alternative splicing is a key mechanism for gene regulation in eukaryotes.
  • Splicing evolution drives the development of new gene functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a genome-wide phylogenetic survey of alternative splicing in primate brains.
  • To identify lineage-specific splicing patterns in humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques.

Main Methods:

  • High-density exon junction array profiling of brain transcriptomes.
  • RT-PCR and outgroup analysis for splicing pattern confirmation.
  • Minigene reporter assays to investigate cis-regulatory changes.

Main Results:

  • Identified 509 genes with splicing differences across species.
  • Confirmed 13 human-specific splicing events after divergence from chimpanzees.
  • Observed increased silent substitutions within exons and accelerated divergence in flanking introns, indicating regulatory evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Widespread human-specific alternative splicing changes exist in the brain.
  • Evolution of cis-regulatory elements is a major driver of these splicing patterns.
  • Splicing plays a crucial role in the evolution of neuronal gene regulation and function.