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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

Developments in cancer immunotherapy.

Maries van den Broek1, Lotta von Boehmer, Alexander Knuth

  • 1Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cancer immunotherapy advances utilize cancer-testis antigens to boost immune responses. Surgical removal of antigen-loss variants and clinical trials are crucial for effective cancer treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Cancer immunology and immunotherapy have seen significant progress over 30 years.
  • Identification of human cancer antigens, particularly cancer-testis antigens, has been key.
  • Cancer-testis antigens are expressed in tumors but not healthy tissues (except germ cells).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To induce or enhance tumor-specific immune responses through vaccination with antigens and adjuvants.
  • To explore strategies for overcoming immune escape mechanisms in cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • Vaccination with relevant antigens and adjuvants to stimulate immune responses.
  • Surgical removal and testing of metastatic sites for antigen expression to identify antigen-loss variants.

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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
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Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

  • Conducting immunotherapy within carefully monitored clinical trials.

    • Main Results:

    • Immunization with antigens and adjuvants can induce strong and effective immune responses.
    • Selective outgrowth of antigen-loss variants can occur due to in vivo immunoediting.
    • Early-stage disease patients may benefit from immunotherapy trials due to less pronounced immunoediting and immune escape.

    Conclusions:

    • Cancer immunotherapy holds promise for treating various cancers.
    • Careful monitoring, including assessment of antigen expression and surgical intervention for variants, is essential.
    • Inclusion of early-stage patients in clinical trials may yield significant benefits.