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Francis Raoul1, Peter Deplazes, Dominique Rieffel

  • 1Department of Chrono-environment, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Franche-Comté, 25030, Besançon, France. francis.raoul@univ-fcomte.fr

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Red foxes show species-specific predation on rodents, impacting Echinococcus multilocularis transmission. Predation and immunity complexly regulate parasite spread, highlighting the need for non-linear models in transmission dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Parasitology
  • Wildlife Biology

Background:

  • Predator functional responses to prey density are key to understanding predation patterns.
  • The impact of functional responses on parasite transmission, particularly Echinococcus multilocularis, is understudied.
  • Rodents (Microtus arvalis, Arvicola terrestris) are primary prey for red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and hosts for E. multilocularis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dietary and contamination responses of red foxes to varying densities of their rodent prey.
  • To explore how these responses influence the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus multilocularis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of red fox diet composition in relation to prey (M. arvalis, A. terrestris) density.
  • Assessment of fox contamination levels with E. multilocularis based on prey consumption.
  • Modeling of functional responses (dietary and contamination) using established ecological frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Red foxes exhibited a non-significant dietary response to M. arvalis density but a type III (sigmoidal) response to A. terrestris density, suggesting potential interference.
  • Fox contamination response followed a type II (asymptotic) pattern for both prey species.
  • Predation patterns are species-specific, with distinct responses to different prey.

Conclusions:

  • Echinococcus multilocularis transmission is likely regulated by a combination of species-specific fox predation and host immunological factors.
  • Understanding trophically transmitted parasite dynamics requires considering complex interactions and non-linear patterns in multi-host systems.
  • The study emphasizes the need to incorporate complex ecological and immunological factors into parasite transmission models.