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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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APOE epsilon4 and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a review.

Omar Ghaffar1, Anthony Feinstein

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5. omar.ghaffar@utoronto.ca

The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|May 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The APOE epsilon4 gene may impact cognitive function in multiple sclerosis patients, but its link to brain changes needs more research. Future studies should combine genetics, cognition, and imaging for clearer answers.

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Published on: November 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurogenetics
  • Cognitive Neurology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Cognitive impairment is a common symptom in MS patients.
  • The apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele is a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and may influence cognitive function in other neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the association between the APOE epsilon4 allele and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
  • To examine differences in magnetic resonance (MR)-detected brain pathology between APOE epsilon4 carriers and non-carriers with MS.
  • To identify gaps in current research and suggest future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating APOE genotype, cognitive function, and brain imaging in multiple sclerosis patients.
  • Analysis of findings regarding the relationship between APOE epsilon4 and cognitive performance.
  • Consideration of studies examining MR-based brain pathology in relation to APOE genotype in MS.

Main Results:

  • The reviewed literature suggests a potential association between the APOE epsilon4 allele and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
  • The evidence linking APOE epsilon4 to specific patterns of MR-elicited brain pathology in MS is less conclusive.
  • Methodological limitations in existing studies hinder definitive conclusions.

Conclusions:

  • A gene-cognition relationship between APOE epsilon4 and cognitive function in MS is plausible.
  • The association between APOE epsilon4 and brain pathology in MS requires further investigation.
  • Future research should integrate neuropsychological assessments, brain imaging, and genetic analysis for a comprehensive understanding.