Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Does Not Enhance Perceptual Learning of Chinese Character Reading in Adults With Macular Degeneration.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

A mysterious ancient fingerprint and a lemon-shaped planet - the stories you've missed.

Nature·2026
Same author

Audio long read: Will blockbuster obesity drugs revolutionize addiction treatment?

Nature·2025
Same author

The Nature Podcast highlights of 2025.

Nature·2025
Same author

Nature's News & Views roundup of 2025.

Nature·2025
Same author

The Nature Podcast festive spectacular 2025.

Nature·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

The amblyopic deficit and its relationship to geniculo-cortical processing streams.

Robert F Hess1, Benjamin Thompson, Glen A Gole

  • 1McGill Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. robert.hess@mcgill.ca

Journal of Neurophysiology
|May 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Lazy eye (amblyopia) causes adult blindness due to disrupted visual development. This study reveals a selective loss of parvocellular pathway function in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex of adults with amblyopia.

More Related Videos

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
08:34

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Published on: December 14, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

A Gaze-Contingent Display Framework for Perceptual Learning Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia
08:34

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Published on: December 14, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Amblyopia, or lazy eye, is the leading cause of adult monocular blindness.
  • It results from disrupted visual development due to unequal input from the eyes in early life, including strabismus, anisometropia, or form deprivation.
  • Previous research indicated reduced responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of adults with amblyopia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the selectivity of the LGN deficit in amblyopia.
  • To determine which visual pathways (parvocellular, magnocellular, koniocellular) are most affected.
  • To examine the impact on cortical visual areas.

Main Methods:

  • High-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in adult amblyopia patients.
  • Chromatic and achromatic stimuli were employed to selectively target different visual pathways.
  • Responses were analyzed in the LGN and multiple cortical visual areas (V1, V2, V3, VP, V3A, V4).

Main Results:

  • The greatest deficit in the LGN was observed for stimuli along the L/M cone opponent axis, indicating selective loss of parvocellular function.
  • A cortical deficit was found across all studied visual areas.
  • Chromatic responses (S cone and L/M cone opponent) showed greater deficits than achromatic responses in the cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Amblyopia is associated with a selective loss of parvocellular pathway function in the LGN.
  • Visual cortex in amblyopic adults exhibits deficits across multiple areas, with a greater impact on chromatic processing.
  • Findings suggest a loss of chromatic pathway segregation in the visual cortex of individuals with amblyopia.