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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme

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Alpha-Amino-Beta-Carboxy-Muconate-Semialdehyde Decarboxylase Controls Dietary Niacin Requirements for NAD<sup>+</sup> Synthesis.

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Niacin.

Advances in food and nutrition research·2018
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Niacin.

Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)·2016
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Niacin requirements for genomic stability.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Visualization and Quantitative Analysis of Genotoxin-Induced PARP1/PARP2 Activation in Cells Using a Fluorescent Fusion Protein-Based Reporter
07:53

Visualization and Quantitative Analysis of Genotoxin-Induced PARP1/PARP2 Activation in Cells Using a Fluorescent Fusion Protein-Based Reporter

Published on: April 17, 2026

Poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 and health.

James B Kirkland1

  • 1Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. jkirklan@uoguelph.ca

Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
|May 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Niacin (vitamin B3) is essential for NAD(+) production, vital for cellular redox reactions and DNA repair. PARP-1 inhibition offers acute disease protection but may risk genomic instability, highlighting a complex therapeutic balance.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Niacin (vitamin B3) is crucial for synthesizing NAD(+) and NADP(+), key coenzymes in metabolic redox reactions.
  • NAD(+) serves as a substrate for ADP-ribosylation, regulating DNA repair, replication, transcription, and cellular signaling.
  • Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays a dual role in disease, implicated in both pathogenesis and protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate roles of niacin and PARP-1 in cellular metabolism and disease processes.
  • To investigate the implications of PARP-1 inhibition on genomic stability and acute inflammatory conditions.
  • To assess the potential interactions between dietary niacin status and novel PARP-1 inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on niacin metabolism and NAD(+) dependent pathways.

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Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Visualization and Quantitative Analysis of Genotoxin-Induced PARP1/PARP2 Activation in Cells Using a Fluorescent Fusion Protein-Based Reporter
07:53

Visualization and Quantitative Analysis of Genotoxin-Induced PARP1/PARP2 Activation in Cells Using a Fluorescent Fusion Protein-Based Reporter

Published on: April 17, 2026

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle
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Studying RNA Interactors of Protein Kinase RNA-Activated during the Mammalian Cell Cycle

Published on: March 5, 2019

  • Analysis of studies investigating the effects of PARP-1 inhibition in various disease models.
  • Examination of the interplay between niacin availability and PARP-1 activity.

    • Main Results:

    • PARP-1 inhibition can prevent acute conditions like stroke and septic shock by preserving NAD(+) pools and reducing inflammation.
    • Chronic inhibition of PARP-1 may lead to genomic instability and tumorigenesis, particularly in contexts of DNA damage.
    • Emerging PARP-1 inhibitors may interact with niacin status, posing potential long-term risks alongside acute benefits.

    Conclusions:

    • PARP-1 inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for acute inflammatory diseases, but careful consideration of long-term genomic effects is necessary.
    • Dietary niacin status may influence the efficacy and safety of PARP-1 inhibitors.
    • Further research is warranted to optimize PARP-1 targeted therapies, balancing acute benefits with potential long-term consequences.